The October Bank Holiday, also known as the Halloween Holiday, is observed in Ireland every last Monday of October. Established by the 1977 amendment to the Holidays (Employees) Act 1973, it provides a break between the long stretch from August to Christmas and aligns with similar European autumn holidays. Historically, this holiday coincides with the ancient Celtic festival of Samhain, marking the end of the harvest season and the beginning of winter, which has influenced many modern Halloween customs. Celebrations include parades, fireworks, bonfires, and costume events, with notable festivities such as the Derry Halloween Festival, regarded as the largest Halloween festival in Europe, and the Dragon of Shandon parade in Cork. While public sector offices and many businesses close for the day, urban areas see shops, pubs, and restaurants remain open to accommodate the increased leisure activities. Schools typically have a midterm break during this time, and public transportation operates on a reduced schedule.