The Day of Genocide of Azerbaijanis is observed on March 31 every year to commemorate the events of 1918, when massive massacres of Azerbaijanis occurred in Baku, resulting in the deaths of between 3,000 to 12,000 individuals. Established by Presidential Decree in 1998, Azerbaijan officially recognizes these events as genocide against Azerbaijanis, although some non-Azerbaijani sources describe them as civil war unrest. The New York State Senate also adopted a resolution in 2012 labeling the March events as genocide. Memorial ceremonies are typically held on this day in Azerbaijan and are also observed worldwide, including in the USA, Georgia, and the Netherlands, to honor the victims. The events were marked by the suppression of a Muslim revolt by the Bolsheviks and the Armenian Revolutionary Federation, leading to the establishment of a short-lived Baku Commune in April 1918.