Poland Syndrome Awareness Day is observed worldwide every April 30 to highlight a rare birth defect known as Poland syndrome, characterized by an underdeveloped or absent chest muscle on one side of the body, often accompanied by hand abnormalities. The syndrome is named after Sir Alfred Poland, who first described a related case in 1841, but it was New Zealand-born plastic surgeon Patrick Clarkson who identified it as a syndrome in the 1960s after noticing similar deformities in his patients. Symptoms typically include missing or underdeveloped pectoral muscles and webbed or missing fingers, primarily affecting the right side. Poland syndrome affects approximately 1 in 20,000 newborns, with males being twice as likely to be affected as females. While many mild cases do not require treatment, reconstructive surgery is the most common intervention for more severe cases. On this day, individuals are encouraged to learn about the syndrome, share information, and support organizations that assist those affected, often using the hashtag #PolandSyndromeAwarenessDay on social media.