Independence Day in São Tomé and Príncipe is observed every July 12, commemorating the country's independence from Portugal in 1975. This public holiday is celebrated with various festivities throughout the nation, including official speeches, colorful patriotic parades, traditional dance, open-air concerts, and theater performances. The day marks a significant historical event, as it follows a long struggle for independence that began with the Batepá massacre in 1953 and was fueled by the formation of the Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe (MLSTP) in 1960. The islands, which were uninhabited before the arrival of Portuguese navigators in the late 15th century, have a rich history as a former slave trade hub and major sugar exporter, later transitioning to coffee and cocoa cultivation. Independence Day serves as a national day for the citizens, reflecting their pride and cultural heritage.