Baloch-Pakhtun Unity Day is observed every August 31 in Pakistan, Afghanistan, and some other countries. This annual observance celebrates the unity and brotherhood of the Baloch and Pashtun peoples, who are both part of the Iranic ethnic groups. The day was established in 1949 to emphasize the connection between these two nomadic communities, which have faced various ethnic conflicts due to their historical regions overlapping in present-day Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Iran. The Baloch population is approximately 10 million, primarily residing in Balochistan, Pakistan, while the Pashtuns number around 49 million, with significant populations in both Pakistan and Afghanistan. The observance highlights the cultural ties and shared heritage of these groups, fostering a sense of solidarity amidst ongoing challenges.