Independence Day and Republic Day in Tanzania are observed every December 9, celebrating the declaration of independence of Tanganyika from Great Britain in 1961 and the establishment of the republic in 1962. The colonial history of Tanzania began in 1498 with Portuguese visits, followed by control by Omani Arabs, and later Imperial Germany and British mandate after World War I. The struggle for sovereignty was led by Julius Nyerere, who formed the Tanganyika African National Union in 1954. Celebrations typically include colorful parades, festivals, and folk concerts, making it a festive occasion for families to gather for rich dinners. This day is significant in commemorating the nation's journey towards independence and self-governance.