Nelson Anniversary Day is observed in the historic Nelson Province of New Zealand, celebrated on the Monday closest to February 1. This public holiday commemorates the founding of the settlement of Nelson in 1842, marked by the arrival of the ship Fifeshire. The region was first explored by Captain James Cook in 1770, and the New Zealand Company began colonization in 1840. The holiday is celebrated with various festive events and activities throughout the city of Nelson, Tasman District, Buller District, and parts of North Canterbury. While past celebrations included a sailing regatta, the modern Nelson Regatta is typically held in late January. The holiday reflects the area's rich history and is part of New Zealand's provincial anniversary days, which honor the first colonists and settlements.