Fourth Republic Day is observed in Madagascar on December 11, celebrating the establishment of the Fourth Republic following the 2010 national referendum that led to the adoption of a new constitution. This holiday marks a significant transition in the country's governance, as Madagascar has experienced four republics since gaining independence from French colonization on June 26, 1960. The Fourth Republic was initiated after a coup in 2009 that ousted President Marc Ravalomanana, leading to new elections and constitutional changes. The referendum on November 17, 2010, resulted in a majority approval for the new constitution, which was promulgated on December 11, 2010. This day is recognized as a public holiday in Madagascar, reflecting the country's journey towards democratic governance.