The Anniversary of the Arengo is observed in San Marino every March 25. This public holiday commemorates the unique governance system of the country, which was characterized by the Arengo, an assembly of the Great families that ruled from the 5th century AD until 1243. The Arengo was notable for lacking a leader and a fixed meeting place, and it operated for about eight centuries despite being hindered by internal conflicts. By the 13th century, its dysfunction led to the establishment of the Grand and General Council, which became the supreme body of the state, recognized even by the Pope. The Institute of the Arengo was revived in 1906 to hold universal male suffrage, reflecting its historical significance in San Marino's political evolution.