Independence Day in Zambia is observed every October 24, commemorating the anniversary of Zambia's declaration of independence from Great Britain in 1964. The day marks the end of colonial rule, following a history that began with the British South Africa Company's acquisition of mineral rights in 1881 and the subsequent establishment of Northern Rhodesia. After World War II, the push for decolonization led to the formation of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, which Northern Rhodesia opposed, resulting in general strikes and demands for self-governance. The federation was dissolved in 1964, and Kenneth Kaunda was elected as the first President of the newly renamed Republic of Zambia. This significant historical event is celebrated as a public holiday, with various festivities and ceremonies throughout the country.