Republic Day is observed in Portugal every October 5, commemorating the proclamation of the Portuguese First Republic in 1910. This holiday marks the end of over 700 years of monarchy following a revolution that established the republic, which lasted for 16 years until a military dictatorship was instituted in 1926. The First Republic was characterized by significant political turmoil, including corruption, rioting, and the frequent change of leadership, with nine presidents and 44 ministers during its brief existence. The first president was Teófilo Braga, who served for two years. Republic Day serves as a reminder of the challenges faced during the early years of democratization and liberalization in Portugal.